Monet Essay example -- Essays Papers

MonetClaude Monet was born in Paris, France on the 14th of November 1840. When Monet was 5 he moved to the town of Le Havre for the majority of his youth. Monet was considered to be unchecked and unlikely to make an achievement of his life by his parents and teachers. His father owned a wholesale grocery that Monet showed no interest in inheriting. He was moreover interested in painting. By the age of fifteen he was receiving commission from his works. He later grew to become one of the greatest influential impressionist painters of alone times.Monet was the leader of the impressionist movement. He influenced art by trying to paint his personal spontaneous response to out-of-door scenes or events. Earlier artists had also particolored outdoor studies rapidly, almost in shorthand. They used such studies as notes for more elaborate pictures painted in the studio. Monet was the most important of the artists who first allowed their initial impressions of outdoor scenes to stand as c omplete works. Monet painted directly from the object in order to record visual sensation more accurately. He was especially bear on with the effect of outdoor light and atmosphere. Impressionists recorded their own sensations of color, and the outlines and solidities of the world as interpreted by common sense melt away. The impressionist emphasis on the prime reality of sensation in the process of apprehending nature or the world had its parallel in the work of contemporaneous scientists, philo...

The Channel on Lake Winona :: Lakes Personal Narratives Wyoming Essays

The Channel on Lake Winona There is a small town called Boulder that is located in the backcountry of Wyoming. This spot is one of my familys favorite spend sites. My grandparents need built a log cabin back there and we visit it every summer. Along with visiting my grandparents, we spend a week pack in the mountains of the Wind River Range. Back in this area there are tons of lakes to camp by and fish. However, in order to reach the first lake you keep up to hike an enormous seven miles, just we take the easy way egress, we horseback ride in. We horseback ride into one of the furthest spots and have the people drop us off, and from then on it is up to us to hike to further points and to hike out. Throughout the hiking trips we appear many different lakes and plan tons of backcountry. However, there is one favorite spot that I love to go to and that is the channel on Lake Winona. Lake Winona is most definitely not one of the prettiest lakes, but it has much meaning to me. There is a little spot that is one of my favorites to go and sit at and cast out to fish. In order to posture to this spot you have to do a bit of non-trail hiking. You have to climb over downed logs and walk through shrubs and climb over the top of massive rocks. precisely once you finally reached this treasured spot, you have reached the channel of Lake Winona. There is a little grove in one of the rocks that bases right up against the water that most resembles a built in chair. That is where I love to sit. As I begin to sit down, I see a fish jump out of the water and back down in. It happens in a blink of the eye that you almost do not even see the fish all you see is the round ring that is left on the top of the water by the fish. As I sit there I look all most and notice all of the beautiful scenery that I have to observe.

One Life To Give Essay example -- Legal Court Essays

One Life To Give On December 9, 1981, a white Philadelphia police ships officer was fatally shot. On July 3, 1982, Mumia Abu-Jamal, a black man, was convicted of his murder and sentenced to death. On May 22, 1996, he received a second trial and was again convicted of the same charge. He is sentenced to die on December 2. The hours grow short until this man, who has promoted through with(predicate) his writings and speeches an image of himself as falsely accused, is ushered into the record books as maven more than come across dealt justice by the American nation. yet who constitutes the American people? Is it a judge in a courtroom, or the thousands of people who have protested Abu-Jamals death as the death of an innocent, an intellectual, and above all, a black man in a white mans system?The validity of the conviction has been widely questi hotshotd in the press. Stuart Taylor Jr., who covered the pillowcase for move TV, states that Abu-Jamal received an unfair trial, tainte d by . . . flagrantly biased judging and, in all probability, police fabrication of evidence and intimidation of witnesses. However, more interesting and more important than the legal aspects of the trials is the emotional aspect, the ladder of support for Abu-Jamal. Bill Bickel, after having recently made an extensive survey of the opinions voiced intimately the case, found literally hundreds of websites protesting the death sentence and exactly one website supporting it-created by the police officers family. It has been pure gravy for Mumia, a wealth of public exasperation for, as the organization Refuse & Resist dubs him, an unrepentant shadowy political prisoner who is the voice of the voiceless.This near canonization of the man goes beyond anything which can be attributed to charisma or ... ...it can potentially undermine the only means we have to attempt to effect equal justice. The protest signs of angry crowds call for arbiter for Mumia, and in effect justice for all black people. But how can we achieve this if the very means of justice are dismantled to save one man?Works CitedBickel, Bill. Mumia Abu-Jamal and the Murder of Daniel Faulkner Using the Internet to seem for the Truth. 16 Nov. 1999 <<http//crime.about.com/culture/crime/library/weekly/aa070698.htmlDavis, Angela Y, June Jordan, and Alice Walker. The Life of a Black Man. The Nation. 15 Nov. 1999 <<http//www.thenation.com/Refuse and Resist. Home page. 16 Nov. 1999. <<http//mojo.calyx.net/refuse/mumia/index.htmlTaylor Jr., Stuart. Jamals Last Stand. mash TV Casefiles. 11 June 1996 <<www.courttv.com/casefiles/mumia/analysis.html One Life To Give Essay example -- Legal Court EssaysOne Life To Give On December 9, 1981, a white Philadelphia police officer was fatally shot. On July 3, 1982, Mumia Abu-Jamal, a black man, was convicted of his murder and sentenced to death. On May 22, 1996, he received a second trial and was again convicted of the same charge. H e is sentenced to die on December 2. The hours grow short until this man, who has promoted through his writings and speeches an image of himself as falsely accused, is ushered into the record books as one more name dealt justice by the American people. But who constitutes the American people? Is it a judge in a courtroom, or the thousands of people who have protested Abu-Jamals death as the death of an innocent, an intellectual, and above all, a black man in a white mans system?The validity of the conviction has been widely questioned in the press. Stuart Taylor Jr., who covered the case for Court TV, states that Abu-Jamal received an unfair trial, tainted by . . . flagrantly biased judging and, in all probability, police fabrication of evidence and intimidation of witnesses. However, more interesting and more important than the legal aspects of the trials is the emotional aspect, the outpouring of support for Abu-Jamal. Bill Bickel, after having recently made an extensive survey of the opinions voiced about the case, found literally hundreds of websites protesting the death sentence and only one website supporting it-created by the police officers family. It has been pure gravy for Mumia, a wealth of public indignation for, as the organization Refuse & Resist dubs him, an unrepentant Black political prisoner who is the voice of the voiceless.This near canonization of the man goes beyond anything which can be attributed to charisma or ... ...it can potentially undermine the only means we have to attempt to effect equal justice. The protest signs of angry crowds call for Justice for Mumia, and in effect justice for all black people. But how can we achieve this if the very means of justice are dismantled to save one man?Works CitedBickel, Bill. Mumia Abu-Jamal and the Murder of Daniel Faulkner Using the Internet to Search for the Truth. 16 Nov. 1999 <<http//crime.about.com/culture/crime/library/weekly/aa070698.htmlDavis, Angela Y, June Jordan, and Alice Wal ker. The Life of a Black Man. The Nation. 15 Nov. 1999 <<http//www.thenation.com/Refuse and Resist. Home page. 16 Nov. 1999. <<http//mojo.calyx.net/refuse/mumia/index.htmlTaylor Jr., Stuart. Jamals Last Stand. Court TV Casefiles. 11 June 1996 <<www.courttv.com/casefiles/mumia/analysis.html

College Admissions Essay - Selling Your Disability :: College Admissions Essays

Selling Your Disability to the Admissions Office   My father was an alcoholic, and I did anything I could to stay away from home. I chose that college because it was the uttermost(a) away. But I hated it there, and didnt do very well. Then I began to worry that Id flunk out and pay off to go home, and of course my grades just got worse.                                                                       My set about was a drug addict. She did everything a person might do to get funds for drugs. Often we didnt have food in the house if there wasnt money for both, drugs came low. I ran away when I was sixteen, and never even finished high school. They figured that out in my third year of college, and made me take an equivalency test.                                                                      When my girlfriend got pregnant, we decided to keep the baby. I had to work two jobs to support us, three during the summer. So my grades arent so hot.             They found out I had bone cancer in my senior year of high school I hurt my knee playing basketball, and it wouldnt heal. Ive had six operations in six years, along with the chemotherapy. But it didnt deputise with my studies what else could I do in the hospital anyway?   Each of these cases was presented to me by my clients in the last few years. These clients all had two important things in common. The first is that they overcame incredible obstacles which would have completely demoralized many other people. The second is that, in every single case, the client was embarrassed by these events, and wanted to cloud them.   Why should I talk about my problems?   Lets step back into the admissions office for a minute. The faculty committee is reviewing the files of two applicants. Both have a 3.0 g.p.a. and a 155 LSAT score. Theyre the same age and race, and both went to local colleges. But one is in good health, while the other has suffered from a lifelong kidney disease. They only have one seat left. Which applicant should they admit? They could toss a coin. Or they could decide that, in some cosmic sense, the person with kidney disease deserves the seat.   Now what if youre that person, besides dont want to tell the law school about the kidney disease, because you dont want to sound like youre asking for favors?

great gatsby :: essays research papers

The Great Gatsby     The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, contains many literary devices. ane of such devices is characterization, the authors method of describing characters. In this novel, the author creates many of the characters to be superficial. Through their actions, comments, and descriptions, Fitzgerald gives the reader an idea of the characters.     One such character proves to be Daisy. Although she had fallen in love with Gatsby when she first met him, when he was at war she quickly wanted something to shape her life. Because of the wealth and lifestyle involved, she chose Tom Buchanan as her husband. Later, we divulge that Daisy still loves Gatsby, and cheats on Tom because of this. This act shows that she is disloyal and shallow. Daisy believes that she can go on with life however she wants and not have to worry to the highest degree those she affects. She was the driver of the car and killed Myrtle, yet she let Gatsby d ie because of his love for her. Daisy abused Gatsbys emotions, and then left the atomic number 18a with Tom to get away from the destruction they caused. These are ways in which Daisy proved to be a superficial character.     Another character who displays such qualities is Daisys husband, Tom. Tom is even more dishonest than Daisy, a notion that begins taking shape with the discovery of Toms "girl" in the city. Tom proves to be a man of little morals. Although he confronts Daisy about morals in her relationship with Gatsby, Tom has his own woman on the side. Also, he lets this fact be known by others as though it does not bother him, an exposing of his nature. Later, after Myrtle is killed in the accident, Tom shows sadness, but not remorse. Tom then instructs George to murder Gatsby, an act that comes more from a heart pursuit revenge for Daisy than for Myrtle.

great gatsby :: essays research papers

The Great Gatsby     The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, contains many literary devices. One of such devices is characterization, the authors method of describing characters. In this novel, the author creates many of the characters to be superficial. Through their actions, comments, and descriptions, Fitzgerald gives the reader an idea of the characters.     One such character proves to be Daisy. Although she had fallen in be intimate with Gatsby when she first met him, when he was at war she quickly wanted something to shape her life. Because of the wealth and lifestyle involved, she chose gobbler Buchanan as her husband. Later, we see that Daisy still loves Gatsby, and cheats on turkey cock because of this. This act shows that she is unpatriotic and shallow. Daisy believes that she can go on with life however she wants and not have to worry about those she affects. She was the driver of the car and killed Myrtle, yet she let Gatsby die because of his love for her. Daisy abused Gatsbys emotions, and then left the area with Tom to get away from the destruction they caused. These are ways in which Daisy proved to be a superficial character.     Another character who displays such qualities is Daisys husband, Tom. Tom is even more dishonest than Daisy, a notion that begins taking shape with the discovery of Toms "girl" in the city. Tom proves to be a man of little morals. Although he confronts Daisy about morals in her relationship with Gatsby, Tom has his confess woman on the side. Also, he lets this fact be known by others as though it does not bother him, an exposing of his nature. Later, after Myrtle is killed in the accident, Tom shows sadness, but not remorse. Tom then instructs George to murder Gatsby, an act that comes more from a heart seeking revenge for Daisy than for Myrtle.

Canada: The Best Place to Live In

Constantly rated by the United Nations (UN) as the best country to live in, Canada is said to be the second biggest country in the initiation and is very rich in natural resources and about quarter of a million chooses to enter Canada as new-fashioned Permanent Residents (Why Canada? ). Canada is also considered to be the best placed to move to if one wants to be a survivor of climate change in the decades ahead. This was the matter of a study made by Maplecroft, a British consultancy which specializes in mapping risks.Among the 168 countries mapped in the Climate Change Risk Report of Maplecroft, Canada topped the slant with a vulnerability score of 8.81, with 10 being the highest and 1, the lowest (McCarthy). Since Canada is my place of residence, it would be interesting to study why it is constantly rated by UN and another(prenominal) be authorities as the best country to live in. Introduction Since the Maple Leaf flag was adopted in 1965, Canada grew rapidly as a natural re source-based economy. However, in the 1970s there was major upheaval in Quebec when the separatist movement took on a violent nature, but in 1980 a referendum showed the majority of Quebecois were against independence.The eighties were characterised by constitutional issues. Canadas constitution (the BNA act as) was an act of the British Parliament and, as an independent country Canada wanted to bring home the constitution. In 1982, parts of the BNA Act were changed and it became a Canadian act The Constitution Act. Included in it is the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Quebec is the only province that did not sign the new constitution and two subsequent attempts to bring it in, the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord, failed.In 1995 another Quebec referendum on independence took place and the no side (against independence) won by a very narrow margin. (historic Framework of Canada) Canada became increasingly linked to the political economy of the U. S through v arious treaty agreements and trade arrangements like the North American Free profession Agreement (NAFTA). Most of Canadas trades were with the U. S. While American businesses expanded their investments in the Canadian economy, foreign corporations ( close toly U. S. companies) owned most of the nations petroleum and discouraged Canadian-controlled research and ontogeny projects.This resulted in Canadas exclusion from the microchip computer revolution that transformed American technology and industries in those periods. Although some Canadian policy makers soon complained of the growing dependence of the Canadian economy on foreign companies, the pattern persisted and placed Canada in an increasingly precarious position in the world market. When the Middle Eastern oil color crisis struck Western countries in the 1970s and 1980s, the Canadian economy was particularly hard hit. Despite heavy dependence on the U. S. for scotch development and defense, Canada experience unprecedent ed economic growth and prosperity.Production and consumption rose, as the nations population not only increased but continued to urbanize, and then suburbanize, in growing numbers. A variety of forces fueled the development of Canadian cities, suburbs, and consumer culture the baby boom, comparatively low rates of unemployment, and an overall rise in the standard of living. Yet, as in earlier eras, the countrys prosperity was unequally distributed. By the late 1980s and early 1990s, Canada was also attracting increasing numbers of new immigrants from Europe (especially Italy), Africa, Asia, and the Americas (Stearns).Canada, like most other major economies, faces a challenging economic environment over the next couple of years. A Senior Economist from the enjoin Street Global Advisors wrote that The quintuple and cascading shocks associated with skyrocketing commodity prices, alarmingly stressed and volatile financial markets (associated in part with a still growing subprime credi t crisis), and persisting global imbalances are creating a disconcertingly murky outlook that seems to offer few good policy options to central bankers and other economic policymakers.However, the Canadian economy has demonstrated an impressive resiliency to economic shocks such as the dramatic appreciation of the Loonie over the last half-decade. This proven resilience keeps us optimistic that although the economy has stumbled, it wont be down for wide and indeed may well end up outperforming the other major advanced economies over the medium term. cultureal IndicatorsThe valet de chambre Development mogul (HDI) provides a composite measure of three dimensions of valet de chambre development living a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy), being educated (measured by adult literacy and enrolment at the primary, secondary and tertiary level) and having a decent standard of living (measured by purchasing power parity, PPP, income). It basically provides a broadene d optical prism for viewing human progress and the complex relationship between income and well-being. Under the 2007/2008 Human Development Report, the HDI for Canada was 0.961, which gave the country a rank of 4th out of 177 countries. (Canada The Human Development Index going beyond income) The State of World Liberty Index is a ranking of countries according to the degree of economic and personal freedoms which their citizens applaud each country is given a score between 0 and 100. The Index defines freedom as the ability for the individual to live their lives as they choose, as long as they do not infringe on the rights of others to do the same. In the 2006 State of World Liberty Index, Canada ranked 3rd out of 159 countries (The 2006 State of World Liberty Index).The annual Transparency International (TI) Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), first released in 1995, is the best known of TIs tools. It has been astray credited for putting TI and the issue of corruption on th e international policy agenda. The CPI ranks more than 150 countries in terms of perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys. Under the 2008, Corruption Perceptions Index, Canada ranked 9th out of 180 countries (Corruption Perceptions Index 2008)The Index of Economic Freedom is a series of 10 economic measurements created by the Wall Steet Journal and the Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank. Its stated objective is to measure the degree of economic freedom in the worlds nations. In the 2008 Index of Economic Freedom, Canada ranked 7th out 157 countries (The Index of Economic Freedom) The Press Freedom Index (PFI) is an annual ranking of countries conducted by the Reporters Without Borders Worlwide (RWB), which provides an assessment of press freedom in countries. Out of 169 countries, Canada ranked 18th in terms of Press Freedom Index.Discussion Based on the development indices that were taken into consideration, it would appear that the assessment of Canadas development has been quite consistent with its image of being one of the highest ranked developed countries in the world today. Although there may be some slight variations in the degrees of Canadian freedom as shown by the State of World Liberty Index and Index of Economic Freedom, it would still be safe to say that the two (2) freedom indices are a fairly accurate assessment of Canadas degrees of freedom in terms of civil liberties and economic freedom.The Press Freedom Index though shows quite a different story that is worth reconsidering. Why would a exceedingly civilized and democratic country like Canada rank 18th among the countries assessed? Does this mean that the Canadian government may have been curtailing press freedom despite its significantly high performance in terms of providing human development services to its citizens? One would just wonder how a highly evolving human development confederation like Canada would only rank 18th in terms of the Press Freedom Index.Canada has been consistently ranking one of the highest if not the highest in the Human Development Index and among the development indices earlier cited it is the HDI that accurately measures human welfare and development in Canada and it goes beyond income as a measure of economic welfare. Furthermore, among the composite indices, the HDI is the most widely recognized in the world as it is being administered by no less than the United Nations itself. ConclusionAfter carefully examining the recent historical trends and development indices describe above, it is still safe to conclude that Canada is indeed the best place to live in. and that the Human Development Index strongly demonstrates this observation. On top of this, Canada shows a relatively outstanding governance environment as shown by its high score in Corruption Perceptions Index. Furthermore, Canada has a free and unencumbered economy where its citizens can enjoy the fruits of their lab or without any fear of political repression.Despite the challenges being posed by the impending global economic crisis, the development fundamentals of Canada are indeed facial expression healthier and could sustain the economic pressures from a highly globalized environment. Canada is a nation that is very rich in natural resources and with its continued demonstration of world-class human development standards it can certainly look forward to an enviable development in the future. However, Canada, as a nation must not rest on its development laurels so to speak. It must strive some more for a more equitable distribution of weath.

Third World

Nationssocl 105 midterm exam Short Answer Question 1 What comes to attend when you here the term Third origination? Most of the good recognize in the coupled States find it hard to come to terms with the life style and struggles that ar associated with this term. The term, Third gentlemans gentleman was head start introduced during the Cold War. During this time, the First World referred to the coupled States and its allies, Second World consisted of the Soviet Union and its allies and the Third World was associated with the non-allied and achromatic countries.After the second world war, these countries, who were mostly new to independence, were left trying to keep up with the fast growing world parsimoniousness. The countries that couldnt keep up were in dyer need of foreign involvement to help them mount. Thus, the term Third World development was introduced. These underdeveloped countries were categorized by their low per-capita incomes, high illiteracy rates, confine development of industry, agriculture establish economies, short life expectancy, and were oft unstable politically (class notes).Plans to help promote development in these Third World countries were first conceived at the Bretton Woods conference in 1944. Representatives of 44 countries met in Bretton Woods, N. H to talk about postwar financial arrangements. It was at this jar againsting that the Inter interior(a) cuss for Reconstruction and maturation (World Bank) and Inter groundal Monetary Fund were developed.The World Bank consisted of five divisions the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD its primary(prenominal) component), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) (answers. com/topic/worldbank). The two of import divisions associated with development were the IFC and ID A. The IFC did its part by lending money to private business in developing countries.With fresh capital, the hope was that these businesses would be able to produce goods, which could accordingly be purchased by the countries people and in-turn create a stable economy within the developing country. The purpose of the IDA was to help out the banks poorest countries by providing interest shrive loans. As seen in the class film Life and Debt, Jamaica was able to go to the World Bank and ask for a loan when theyre country was force to come up with money that wasnt available. This loan request was most likely handled by the IDA.Another institution that was created was the International Monetary Fund. With to a greater extent than 180 countries as members, the purpose of the IMF was to help ensure the smooth international buying and selling of currency. The IMF met this requirement by stabilizing currency-exchange rates and by providing advice and technical assistance to its barrowing countries. outgrowth countries do their part by contributing operating funds and sire voting rights based on their involvement in international trade and national income.There are many terms that are associated with countries that dupe not reached an industrial state. Developing nations, third world, and global south are some terms that dirty dog be used in describing these nations (class notes). Being a country that is labeled by one of these terms female genitals be tough. If you were a developed nation would you want to get involved economically with a country with lifestyle associated with these terms. This is why its it so difficult for the underdeveloped countries to get involved with the world economy because of their reputation and the biased judgment that comes with it.Short Answer Question 2 One of the main indicators of development in a country is its Gross Domestic increase or gross domestic product. Gross Domestic Product is measures the amount of goods and opera te produced in a specific country or region. GDP has become one of the main statistics used by scholars to measure a countries development, however, some say that GDP is an inaccurate measurement and that it has created some problems as the main indicator for development. GDP includes goods and services that do not include a countries economic wealth and, on the other hand, excludes things that do.According to paecon. net, GDP excludes 3 main categories. The first category that has been excluded by GDP is household production. Statistics say that most people communicate more than 17% more time doing domestic turn tail than paid work. That means that most of the people in these developing countries are too busy doing work around the house. That includes activities such as house cleaning, cooking, and caring for their children. Are we to say that because these people spend more time caring for their families they are to be penalized for it with a decrease in GDP?Another problem ass ociated with GDP is the amount of voluntary work that may occur in a country. What was once done by a paid professional and accounted for in GDP, could have now been done voluntarily. Therefore, societies with widespread voluntary work may will have a lower GDP but have a good economic well-being. Another bad form of income that is overlooked by GDP is the informal economy within these developing countries. Informal economy includes any direct sale activities such as odd jobs, street trading, and most of all the black market.This selling of goods and services often goes untaxed and unrecorded therefore is not included into a countries GDP. overall GDP overlooks many forms of income, which move result in a misinterpretation of a countries economic well-being. There are other aspects of development that open fire likewise being affected by a countries GDP. It is believed that the people are the real economic drive to a nation, as a result, the Human Development mightiness was c reated. The HDI is a combination of diametric statistics to help judge the development of the people within a certain country.These statistics include life expectancy, education, and GDP. Therefore, the HDI of a country can be underestimated if its GDP is incorrect. The HDI also helped introduce the Gender Development Index (GDI). The GDI is a measure of the achievement of men and women within a country and also takes into account the inequality. GDI has a direct relationship to HDI, therefore, if the achievement of men and women goes down or one genders achievement becomes increasingly higher than the other, HDI will go down. The nigh step in human development comes in the form of the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM).This statistic is now related to GDI in that it takes the capabilities achieved by the men and women and shows how they mount them to everyday life. GEM focuses on if the genders become active economically and politically within their country. Because these forms o f human development are intertwined, and GDP is included in HDI, a miscalculated GDP could result in a snowball effect causing all the numbers to be skewed. The measurement of Gross Domestic Product has a negative effect on most developing countries.GDP overlooks the presence of household production, voluntary work, and the informal economy within a country which causes GDP to often be underestimate and the worth of a country seem much less. Short Answer Question 4 Third World countries grew at a rate of 4. 7 percent during the 1960s. The growth rate of the East Asian NICs was 7 to 10 percent. These newly industrialized countries of East Asian included federation Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. These countries managed to fulfill the goals of the development project and raise their living standards politically, economically and socially.However, they also showed how development initiatives can be very selective and how other countries may not have the same success if the sa me path is followed. One of the first steps these countries took towards improving their economy was by receiving a healthy amount of foreign investment. A good amount of this capital was directed towards developing facilities to manufacture exports such as textiles, shoes, electronics, and other apparel. Foreign investors were drawn to the cheap yet cost-effective lug that was available in the Asian NICs, which allowed businesses to keep coming.These countries offered a comparative advantage through their low-wage but relatively skilled and educated workforce. As a kid it seemed as if every toy or electronic that was being used was branded with the mark make IN TAIWAN or MADE IN HONG KONG. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the East Asian NICs continued to grow into the industrialized superpowers we see today. Though the East Asian countries had great success hobby the development project, the result was not the same for other countries in the Third World. The manufacturing section in GDP was extremely low in countries such as Africa and Latin America.By 1972, the Oraganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development realized that one size did not fit all and that, the measures designed to help developing countries as a company have not been effective for the least developed countries (Development and Social Change A Global Perspective). It was clear that different countries required a plan to deal specifically with their problems. It seemed to be too tough for the Eastern European Countries to follow the same path as those countries that had involvement with a western power.The countries that had once been colonise had hands on experiences on how a country should be run. These previously colonized countries also received aid in the form of export process zones or free trade zones as seen in the video Life and Debt. These zones where specifically designed to create jobs and give the people of the country the opportunity to solve an income by producing goo ds for the investing nation. Eastern European countries did not have that luxury. They, like other struggling Third World countries, focused on an agricultural based economy that proved to be not as successful.Every Third world country is going to respond differently to the development initiatives. The path taken by the East Asian NICs may not be suitable for another underdeveloped country. The East Asian path worked for the NICs because they had a workforce that could support the labor needed to manufacture money making exports. Again, going fanny to the movie Life and Debt, the Jamaican workers were replaced by Asians whom were able to get the job done and meet the quotas set by the investing nation.I believe that every Third World country is given the same opportunity to develop and it is up to them to use the resources provided by the world powers to make a change. However, some Third World countries have dug themselves too deep of a hole. In the case in Africa, a massive debt burden has accumulated in the attempt to develop and foreign aid could only undermine Africas domestic products at this time (class notes). It seems the more these stagnant countries try to fight toward development, the more they slip toward increasing debt and a permanence as a Third World county.Essay There are three main theories in development modernisation conjecture, habituation possibleness and world systems surmisal. The two theories that seem to clash ideals the most are the modernization theory and habituation theory. At the end of WW II the world was divided into three main divisions Capitalism in the United States, Communism in the Soviet Union, and newly freelance nations that became known as the Third World. The United States began studies on these Third World countries, hoping to promote development through their eyes instead of communist Soviet Union.Through these studies emerged a new bread of American political scientists who together developed the basis for a modernization theory of development. The dependency theory, however, was created from a Third World perspective. It was designed with the developing country in mind and not through an already developed countries eyes. Both theories have different views on the right path to development. In search for a basis for its theory, the modernization theory became a hybrid of the functionalist theory and the evolutionary theory (So, Alvin.Chapter 2 The Modernization Perspective). Most members in the modernization school had previously studied the functionalist theory, therefore, it became the trademark of the modernization theory. The other aspect, evolutionary theory, supported the idea that Third World countries must evolve from a traditional to a modern society through technology and institutions. One of the main strengths of the modernization theory was that is was developed by the most powerful nations at that time, the United States.The United States had grown to become one of the mos t powerful countries in the world economically, socially, and politically. Although the gap between the rich and poor in the United States is be quiet great, the poor are still better off today then they were back in the early 1900s. The weakness that ties along with that topic is that the United States sham that the Third World countries had some form of stability and are going through the same problems that the United States faced in their early development stage, which is not the case.The governments in third world countries are often corrupt and not necessarily looking out for the best interest of the people. Therefore, what may have worked for the United States could not work in the Third World countries who are faced with different and more extreme problems. Another strength that goes along with the modernization theory is that it has worked before with the East Asia NICs. Countries such as Hong Kong and South Korea grew throughout the 1960s and 70s by manufacturing and expo rting foreign goods.With the success that Eastern Asian had using the theory its hard not think that it could work in other Third World Countries. Another problem that could occur with foreign involvement, however, is that the Third World countries could become too dependent on developed countries to provide them with work. As long as underdeveloped countries are going to manufacture products at a cheap labor cost, developed countries are going to keep exploiting them for their own profit.The modernization theory has worked in the past, however, not all situations are the same and it can cause Third World countries to become too dependent on the core countries. The dependency theory is based around a completely different concept. The dependency theory was first developed in Latin America after the crash of the program U. N. Economic Commission for Latin America (So, Alvin. Chapter 5 The Dependency Perspective). In the 1960s Latin American faced a tough time of economic stagnation al ong with a crisis of orthodox Marxism. Revolutionists dour to the ideas of neo-Marxism as a to base their dependency theory.Unlike orthodox Marxism, neo-Marxism saw the development issues through a Third World countries perspective. This was one of the main strengths that went along with the dependency theory. It realized that each countries situation is going to be different and also takes into account the historical context of that country. Where modernization says to throw away tradition, dependency says to go with what has worked for your country in the past. Another strength is that it allows for countries to think of development on a more long-term scale.Instead of jumping from the manufacturing of one exploited good to another, you can become more dependent on the goods and services that your own country can produce which can allow the Third World countries to develop and change based on their own best interest and not just working to please the west. However, leaving an un developed country to develop by themselves, could have very negative consequences. Everything is worse in the third world. The governments are more corrupt, the poor are poorer, and there is a lack, if any, of infrastructure.It seems as if they are set up to fail if left on their own. A negative aspect that goes along with that idea is, what happens when western influence is removed? If Nike decides to open up a manufactory in Thailand, they dont just set up the factory and let it be run by the people of Thailand. The factory is managed by the west. Policies in the workplace are enforced by the west. A factory ran by a Third World country may notice a abundant decrease in efficiency, due to lack of experience and ultimately result in them not being able to compete in the world market.Dependency theory allows for the Third World country to develop themselves based on their conditions, however, some of these countries are so underdeveloped that self -stabilization may seem impossibl e. These two contend theories have offered ideas to help more underway development situations. The World Bank offers loans to the Third World countries who need the economic help. However, you still have to pay them back with interest. A country who supports dependency theory than has to use that money toward building on their own and finding a way to make that money back.A current example of modernization theory would be the current war in Iraq. The United States sent military forces overseas to discard of the traditional lifestyle of the Iraki people and help move them toward modernization. The ideas of dependency and modernization theory can be useful in dealing with current development issues. There is an on going debate on the right path to development. You could choose to follow the policies set by the dependency theory. Peripheral countries break away from core countries to develop independency and allow for a socialist revolution to knock of the old peripheral elites.Or y ou could decide that the modernization theory is the best route to take and receive aid from the west and allow for an international division of labor. Both theories have their positives and negatives yet both are reaching for the same goal of Third World development.Reference Page www. answers. com/topic/world-bank www. answers. com/topic/internationalmonetaryfun www. hdr. undp. org/en McMichael, Philip. (2008). Development and Social Change A Global Perspective. United States of America. SAGE Publications. www. paecon. net www. questia. com

Individual vs. the Society in “The Scarlet Letter” Essay

In The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the theme of the individual versus hunting lodge is prevalent. One of the most intriguing characters in the novel is Hester Prynne, who is ostracized by the society around her. Hawthorne uses symbols to accentuate how Hester chooses to accept her branded punishment as a good obligation rather than a mark of shame. Her individualism is achieved with a clear conscience and accepting the fact that she is unique, distanced from the Puritans surrounding her.Immediately, The Scarlet Letter sets up a clear contrast between Hester and the other ladies in Boston, Massachusetts. Hester emerges from the prison as a gorgeous woman who was,tall, with a figure of perfect elegance on a large scale. She had dark and abundant hair, so glossy that it threw off the susnhine with a gleam, and a face which ,beside be beautiful from regularity of feature and richness of complexion was ladylike, too, after the manner of the feminine raising of those days ch aracterized by a certain state and dignity. (Narrator, p. 46-47)Meanwhile, the other women in Boston argon portrayed as gossiping quacks who ridicule Hester out of jealousy and spite. Hester is further distanced from the mob throng through her elegant garb and her skill of needle-work.While on the scaffold, and later when she moves into a cottage distanced from everyone else, Hester remains defiant. She asserts her quasi disaffected personality by not wavering amid the penetrating stares of the townspeople. In addition, she chooses to stay in Boston rather than take the opportunity to escape and start a new life. By running away, Hester would be acknowledging societys power of her. Instead, she desires to establish her own identity and not have society determine it for her. If Hester were to ease up to outside pressure, it would further undermine what little integrity the townspeople see in her. However, the cruel taunts are meaningless to her, because Hester is adamant in her con victions she has a veritable purpose in life.Her daughter Pearl is an important part of Hesters life. Much more than a living embodiment of the sin that Hester is reminded of through the red-faced letter, Pearl allows Hester to have a reason to live and a reason to stay. Pearl acts as a reality check, for she daily reminds her mother of her sin. Yet, Pearl is a miracle child, by proving that beauty can spring from sin. She offers Hester a mirror of herself, and an enduring obligation for which to uphold. In addition, Hester feels an obligation to stay in New England because she feels morally entrap to stay with Pearls father.The scarlet letter in a sense defines who Hester is. Lavishly decorated in fine red cloth surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold thread, (Narrator, p. 46) the letter A binds Hester to serve her due atonement for the wrongs she has committed. However, her brilliant skills at needle-work and uniqueness of individuality are fro wned upon by the society. Out of malice and jealousy, they verbally abuse both her and Pearl, degrading them to worthless figures while they themselves are hypocrites in their own right. Ironic takes its finest form when the skillful kit and caboodle of Hester are adorned by those highest officials that are punishing her.Despite the ridicule, Hester stands tall. She knows the expectations that are placed on her, and that the shame incurred by her will extend for possibly generations to come. Hester is not willing to mold herself to the eager hands of others so that they may satiate their cruel desire to see her torture in her mental prison. She strives for compassion and offbeat amid all the harsh words. This is evidenced in her treatment of Pearl, who is exalted far beyond the other children. She is dressed in the most extravagant attire, while being taught heavenly virtues. Motherly love defies all pressures, and Hesters undeniable love for Pearl is the quintessence of this.In t he strict morals of Puritan society that are delineated in The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne undergoes many tribulations. Her wrongdoing helps provoke the angry sentiments of the townspeople, who are determined to see her suffer to the fullest extent. However, Hesters attitude is one of moral obligation and compassionate defiance. She retorts with nothing but love, as beautifully demonstrated in her treatment of Pearl. Hester is unique, and sois her unwavering attitude regardless of what the rest of society thinks of her. She answers to a higher order and never relents her conscience to the greedy hands of others.

Karl Marx and Max Weber Essay

Karl Marx and Max Weber are among the famous theorist who organise the pillar of the study of society. This come about in their contradict theories the conflict and protestant ethic respectively. It is understood that these cardinal people lived in different eras, Marx organism exposed to conditions and perspectives of the eighteen century whilst Weber dwells in the nineteen century where notice adapted changes on the fast emergence of innovative technology, and a path where modernism take its toll (the industrial revolution) (Tui, 2014). The theories of Marx and Weber were applicable in their times with regards to the type, functions and interactions existing within society. As follows is the discussion of their main arguments on the contrary of their perspectives on the basis of society. According to Karl Marx, society of all hitherto is the result of social stratification and conflict.The organized economic activities and mode of production, determined the division of labor whic h causes the constitution of two classes, the bourgeoisies and the proletariat (the rich and the poor) showing op placement (antagonistic interaction). The proletariat ( take a craping class) controlled the modes of production while the bourgeois induceed the means of production (Brym & Lie, 2007). The conflict theory by Marx, argued that a position in a productive system is the basis of peoples conflict. The rich attained privilege of retrieveing revenue and surplus whilst the poor did not resist, merely remained subordinate. The bourgeois also maintained their interest by suppressing and maintaining the subordination of the proletariat (Worsley, et al., 1970). A revolution originated on the fact that men realized how capitalism deprives them of self-independence and freedom. capitalist economy also increased inequality within society and enhanced further subordination of the working class. Marx believed that in the future there will be classless societies ( (Worsley, et al., 1970)).Therefore modern society is the result of the breakdown of the feudal system the proletariats were being absorbed by the bourgeois to work in their factory, hence manner of speaking society to the end of communism (Tui, 2014). But also a classless society still experienced antagonistic, a trend of dependency between these two class, that is the bourgeois depend on the manual labor and productivity of the proletariat and vice versa, for their stability and co-existence. In contrast, Weber, in his theory, the protestant ethics, believed in hard work, personalised achievement and motivations. It focuses onindividual actions and most importantly an individuals knowledge and skills to bring about transformation of new society. In other haggle people consciously making decision at important times or junctures (Tui, 2014). People whom abided to protestant ethics and maintain the spirit of capitalism succeeded economically. He emphasized the importance of the growth of the service sector of the economy, with its many non-manual workers and professionals.He also articulated that capitalist development was not just caused by approbatory economic conditions but religious beliefs also plays an important role (awareness to the society of values and virtues right and wrong) of facilitating great capitalist growth. He argued that Marx, fails to see that people in society basin improve their condition in terms of education, technology to attain a better standard of living. Weber, also showed the flaws of the Conflict theory whereby he said that a revolution is not necessarily the solution to dissatisfaction and grievances. There are medium of resolving matters peacefully whereby the government is required to improve such(prenominal) conditions (Weber, 2005). In light of the above arguments, there is also controversy and contradiction in their discussion of class (created by eligibility and accessing to product of economy), status (social honor or professional posi tion) and reason (the ability and opportunity to control) (Worsley, et al., 1970).According to Marx, in society, there are two distinct classes the bourgeois and the proletariat. These classes were inherited and there is nothing that can be done apart from revolution that can make the differences. The revolution would result in a classless society where the state come to own the means of production. According to Marx, whoever has a class will have a complimentary standard of status and power. For him class is the originator of all kinds of status in society and source of power. He also stated that traditional status ascribed was used to acquire power such as the members of the noble family were born and authorise to rule. This class of nobles subsequently has high social status (Brym & Lie, 2007). Weber strongly argued that class, status and power were three totally different categories. Status and power were achieved by dint of ones commitment and successes.It favored the concep t of meritocracy which allows people to rise or fall to a position that matches their talent and efforts ( (Brym & Lie, 2007)). All of these were independent of each other. It is not necessity of an individualor group of people in high class to have a corresponding level(s) of status and power. In general, class is directly link to how people have access to part of the societys resources. Class should be related to your ability to buy power or your market position (Tui, 2014). Such as a proletariat can become a very important figure in government just because of his/her qualification, oratory skills and achievement. For practice session a Chief Executive Officer (CEO), commissioner of police, captain. These people worked their way like every proletariat from scratch and because of their ambition and hard work they are able to become successful, even though they do not have a royal or ruling backgroundAfter having compared the two theories of Karl Marx and Max Weber, the latter(pr enominal) theory of protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism by Max Weber is considered the best and useful theory to understand and explain the dynamics of my local anaesthetic society. Kiribati society is an example of an egalitarian society whereby people are equal and have the same rights and opportunities. The decision making process and access to governments resources and all opportunities are carried out following established processes and procedures. Everyone is given a chance to talk for themselves or by a representative (Teitiniman, 1993). As mentioned earlier, access to opportunities are open to everyone such as position in government and non-government organization through advertisement.Eligible candidates announced and a toping test is conducted to screen out best candidates. It takes ones effort, hardship and commitment towards professional development in order to improve life conditioning, status and attainment of power for example people acquiring scholarship for higher qualification and to qualify a higher post with high salary in the government substructure (Itaia, 1979). According to Koae (1993) and agreed by Macdonald (2001) there are existing mediums of solving any grievance and dissatisfaction. These are put up in writing to the concern department and or are taken up to court. Communities views and perspectives are considered as a means of improvement to policing strategies such as that adopted by the Kiribati law Services. Elections of leaders are conducted on the basis of the public vote towards candidates (Brechtefeld, 1993). As Weber highlighted, class, status and power are achieved which is correspondingly true of my Kiribati society. Peoples hard work irrespective of religious beliefs and traditional social class and status, have equal and equitable access to opportunities which determine social and economic standings in my society.BibliographyBrechtefeld, N., 1993. The Electoral System. In H. V. Trease, ed. Atoll Politics . Christchurch Macmillan Brown Centre for peaceable Studies, pp. 43, 44, 45. Brym, R. J. & Lie, J., 2007. Sociology Your Compass for a New World. third ed. California Thomson Wadsworth. Itaia, M., 1979. Rebirth Te Mauri, Te Raoi, ao Te Tabomoa. In KIRIBATI Aspects of History. Suva Institutes of Pacific Studies, The University of the sec Pacific, pp. 123,124. Koae, T., 1993. Corrupt and Illegal Electoral Practices. In H. V. Trease, ed. Atoll Politics. Christchurch Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, pp. 105-110. Macdonald, B., 2001. Cinderellas of the Empire. Suva Institute of Pacific Studies, The University of the South Pacific. Teitiniman, T., 1993. Serving the People. In H. V. Trease, ed. Atoll Politics. Christchurch Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, pp. 343, 344, 345. Tui, R., 2014. Social Structures in Modern/Contemporary Societies. Suva s.n. Weber, M., 2005. The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit of Capitalism. New York Taylor & Francis e-Library,. Worsley, P. e t al., 1970. INTRODUCING SOCIOLOGY. 1 ed. Victoria Penguin Education.

Traditional american family

Best One of the chief social problems afflicting this country Is the breakdown In the tralatitious family (Kennedy 501). We harp in the country where we stick all different kinds of families, tho the traditionalistic family is the strongest one. We need to fight for the traditional family to twenty-four hours because it would give birth a better life for us and our children. Traditional family Is based on a strong foundation, good take accounts and family traditions. starting time, every family should build their life on the strong foundation.What is the strong foundation for the family? The best foundation for the good family is found In the Bible. idols plan for the family system Is the best. First, we need to show appreciation every day for each other. Romans 1210 says, Be kindly affectionate one to another with brotherly love in adore preferring one another. Second, we must press our admiration, love, and respect for our family processs. Romans 137 says, Render theref ore to all their dues tribute to whom tribute Is due custom to whom custom fear to whom fear honor to whom honor (The Bible 1009). Hat Is traditional family? The traditional family is made up of a bewilder, mother and a couple of children. Anything other than this ideal is a deviation from the normality of values. According to this point of view, the family Is a basic unit of society that serves the purposes of socializing the young, regulating sexual activity, procreation, providing physical c are for family members, giving psychological support and stimulated security to individuals (Bullock 1). A family is not a collection of individuals who happen to live at the same address.They are great deal who share an intimate and complex data link with one another, existence link by marriage, birth or adoption. Together they form meeting larger and more significant than the contribution of one person. ii people, a man and a woman, locked together by love and lifelong relationship . Furthermore, the situation our nations families are facing is dire, but there Is hope. When the family returns to the original blueprint that God designed, we will begin to see America strengthened. The family can change the nation in one generation if they will follow Gods Word.What is a family today? What challenges does being a member of a family present while traditional family structures change? Every family has to struggle to balance the demands of work and children. Also, the relationship among each married person can become more delicate and complicated. Now we can see that the traditional family is stronger and the relationship between husband and wife (if they based on the Bible) are besides much stronger and almost Impossible to break It. Therefore, If we will not fight for the traditional family, we will have distraction Inside the family and In our society.Leers forecast what we have with a breakdown of the American traditional family. Here is some statistics. Cur rently, 27 percent of family phratrys with minors present are headed by single stirs. everyplace two million fathers are the primary caregivers of children, marking a 62 percent surge since 1990. More than 50 percent of minors will live In a single parent household at some point (Cotton 1). This should be no surprise when one considers the fact that one third of infants are born to unmarried parents. Single motherhood same period. This is not all.The divorce rate is half the marriage rate, which has a tremendous impact on children. Each year one million of them witness their parents legally separate. Further down the line, these kids have a better than even chance of being in a steamily. One out of 25 children will reside with neither parent (1). More children than ever before are enrolled in various plead operated foster care programs. Grandparents increasingly find themselves as parents once again nearly two and a half million are primary caregivers to related minors. That is our sad reality, but we can change that if we work hard in ours families.In addition, family values are very all cardinal(predicate) in traditional family. Members of the traditional families have physical and emotional support whenever they need it. It is a enceinte benefit for the spouses, their children or even grandparents. Children learn how to build a strong traditional family through and through observing their parents and by following their life examples. Having strong, well defined family values, helps solidify the foundation for a strong family. Strong and consistent family values are important in building trust and confidence in each family member.What is the some of the values of traditional families that keep family strong? It is very important that each member of the family feel that they are loved, that they belong and that they matter. Each person should be allowed the space and freedom to explore the activities that they enjoy. People are more willing to take cha nces if they sack out they have a safe place to come back. Just spending time together as a family is what helps build that sense of belonging. Another big value is respect. Respecting each other is to take feelings, thoughts, needs, and preferences in to account when making decisions.It withal means acknowledging and valuing everyones thoughts, feelings and contributions to the family as a whole. Respect is a very important family value. Respect will extend out of the home and into school, work or other social settings. Honesty -? is the value of any strong relationships. Honesty between mother- daughter, husband-wife, and sister-brother is critical. Without honesty, a deeper connection will not form and certainly wont last. Encourage honesty by practicing understanding and respect when someone tells you of their wrong doings. Another value is forgiveness. Forgiveness is a choice.Forgiving people who did wrong is an important choice to make. In the loving and respectful family, f orgiveness should be an easy choice. People need to forgive, so they could be forgiving. Communication is another important value. When people feel they can take to task openly about anything popes, dreams, fears, successes or failures all without Judgment, its encouraging and strengthens the bond (Kruger 1). Thats wherefore it is so important not only communicate, but also be a good listener. We can see many bad accidents happening some the world, especially lately with all the shootings at the schools.Maybe some of them could be prevented if the kids who were shooting had a strong traditional family with open communications. Almost everyone involved in these tragedies was from unconnected or divorced families. Next, a good traditional family has good traditions that they have passed from enervation to generation. Why it is so important to have family traditions? We all came from different backgrounds and countries, but it is very important to have and keep traditions of our families. Traditions make a family unique, they draw people important traditions is family dinners.Over the last 15 years, a large number of scientific studies have confirmed what parents have known intuitively for a long time. Sitting down to a family meal is good for the spirit, the brain, and the body. Recent studies link veritable(a) family dinners (5 or more meals a week) with a host of teenage behaviors that parents pray for lower rates of substance abuse, teen pregnancy, and depression, as well as higher(prenominal) grade-point averages and self-esteem (Fishes 1). Dinner conversation is a great booster of vocabulary for young children, and stories told around the table about parents and grandparents help to build self-esteem and resilience.Having family meals also lower the rates of obesity and eating disorders in children. Family dinners is the time to talk and listen. It is one time a day when the whole family is together and they can talk about their day, problems, and fu ture Lana. Lastly, the breakdown of the traditional family and longer life expectancy means two million in their upper ass will seem their old age alone. A report warns us that two million over-ass will face loneliness in their old age because of the breakdown of traditional families.Study predicts one in ten over-ass, will live solitary lives by 2033 (Groves 1). Longer life expectancy, the breakdown of extended families and the growing number of older people living alone is making it harder for older people to sustain strong relationships and connections to community life. Lets summarize hat is the benefits of traditional family. Children raised in a family with the same parents during their growing years have a higher likelihood of having stability in their relationship and emotional bonding.Children that grow up in a single-parent household have higher chances of feeling a sense of loss regarding the absent parent, and miss out on the emotional support that only a father and mot her can provide. With both the father and the mother, children get a better sense of what is acceptable and unacceptable, as far as behavior is concerned. Children get a sense insistence, especially when it also includes closeness with other members of the family such as grandparents, aunts and uncles, and cousins. Children in the traditional family get far more extensive training in life skills.Their mothers usually teach their children relationship skills, like emotional response skills and how to have smooth relations with others, while fathers teach their children handiwork skills and sports skills. With two parents manduction the responsibility of raising the children, it enables one parent to take time to pursue other interests or get a rest while the there parent plays or works with the children. Children that are raised in a traditional family also tend to take on some of the sharing of the responsibilities, such as older siblings taking care of younger siblings.The breakdo wn of the American traditional family is a serious problem today, but we need to fight for traditional family. First of all, people need to have a strong family relationship based on the strong foundation-?Bible. We need to respect and love our spouses. By doing that, our children would have a strong example to build their strong families. In addition, is it very important to have good family values. People and children who have good families values will also respect and honor people outside their family, at school, work, and in the community.Families need to have a good communication at home and be a good listeners. Having good family traditions, talking, listening, sharing, dreaming, and laughing. It is so important for children to see a good example from their parents about how they treat each other and their own parents. Good traditional family is the healthiest family. Children who have two parents are less likely to get in trouble. They are better students and helpers. Also, e lderly people are less likely to be lonely at the end of their life if they been raised and lived in traditional families.

Effective Communication Skills

Effective communion skills in nursing at heart this assignment I lead be looking at the vastness of good chat skills in the nursing profession. I will briefly explore the meaning of dialogue and indeed look at different styles of use upful dialogue. I will include a widely range of references to support my findings and then offer a culture regarding the importance of colloquy with the long-suffering and other agencies. There atomic sum up 18 a large number of communication models and meanings, which in itself indicates that communication is a commodious subject and difficult to pin to a simple explanation (Webb 2011).Donnelly (2008) agrees with this by writing that a concise definition is difficult to achieve due to the edge communication having a long list of meanings. Good communication between patients and absorbs is at the upshot of good nursing forethought, which will tell the development of a remedy relationship (Stein- Parbury 2009). Donnelly (2008) sup ports this by stating that at the very heart of effective nursing, communication is the key fruit to delivering high-quality care. Donnelly (2008) states that effective communication is recognised as a snapper condition for altogether stack who work in public expediency.Also read conference Cycle ArgyleIn Health and Social care services effective communication promotes the best possible nursing care (Donelly 2008). Donelly (2008) writes that the way we communicate with people who use nursing services or facilities has a transmit impact on how care is perceived and experienced by the user. Collins (2009) agrees by stating that communication is healing(predicate), that building relationships is the foundation of nursing work, and communication is a requirement to that process.If we roll in the hay recognise how communication takes place and comprehend its process we displace develop strategies to picture that communication is effective and meets the needs of all patients. Within nursing there are many ways of communicating with patients. The NMC standards for pre-registration nursing education (NMC, 2010) stipulate that Within the domain for communication and interpersonal skills, all carrys must do the following, communicate safely and effectively, using a range of communication skills and technologies (NMC 2010).Hamilton (2007) agrees with this by stating that gives should try to consult with patients using the full range of communication skills at their disposal, to admirer patients understand that nurses are there to assist as much as they possibly can. These communication skills range from verbal, non-verbal, and written communication. Burnard (2005) explains that we communicate to some degree with words. but also we communicate to a large degree with our bodies. This can be classed as non-verbal. both(prenominal) aspects of non-verbal communication we use would be eye contact, facial expressions and top gestures.Burnard (2005) also wri tes about the importance of listening. Burnard states that the listening skill is an important form of non-verbal communication and organism listened to is vital as everybody needs to be listened to. Stein-Parbury (2009) states that, listening encourages elevate interaction between patient and nurses it is a catalyst in promoting a trusting therapeutic relationship. Collin (2009) agrees with this by writing when patients feel listened to it gives a sense of contact enabling the relationship to progress. Wright (2007) writes about another non-verbal behaviour which is described as body emit.This would include lot gestures. Some body talking can bring up a certain state of mind, for example a patient pacing, unable to sit for any time or wringing of the hands may suggest that this patient is in distress. Webb states that folding of the arms can display defensive non-verbal communication it can show that a patient is feeling anxious or threatened in some way. If this is displayed by the nurse it may suggest to the patient that the nurse is dis-interested which will form a barrier between the patient and nurse. To avoid such barriers Egan (1998) suggests that the use of the SOLER theory.The theorySolerwas created by Egan (1998) to help the communication between the nurse and the patient. His theory shows that basic non-verbal communication can help reap a patient feel involved and cared for when working with the nurse. Soler stands for- S facing the client or familysquarely, both metaphorically and literally O adopt anOpen,non-defensive long suit LLean forward toward the family to show interest E make good nerve center Contact R stayRelaxed. But there are other forms of communication that need to be effective when delivering nursing care.The nurse needs to correspond that they are able to communicate well within the cheek and with others. Donnelly (2008) points out that when identifying the needs of those we care for we must also distinguish the role of others in providing for peoples needs. There is a risk within service provision to see only that which we can offer and ignore what others agencies and professionals can provide. Effective care depends on us being able to work in partnership, ensuring those we care for receive the best possible care. There are many others modes of communication the written word is required when working with people (Donelly 2008).The NMC (2008) states that you must nurse clear and accurate records of the discussions you have, the assessments you make, the treatment and medicines you give and how effective these have been. You must complete records as soon as possible after an event has occurred, the nurse must not tamper with original records in any way, the nurse must ensure any entries you make in someones paper records are clearly and legibly signed, dated and timed, the nurse must ensure any entries you make in someones electronic records are clearly attributable to you, and also ensure all rec ords are kept securely (NMC 2008).Conclusion Whilst preparing for this essay, I did not fully understand the importance of communication and how we are understood by patients. After researching and evaluating, I straightway understand the importance of effective verbal communication with appropriate body language, also the importance of non-verbal communication using good eye contact and hand gestures. I have now learnt that to become a good nurse you need to be able to use a wide range of communication to be able to fully care for the patient. These skills are equally important when dealing with agencies.Burnard, P. (2005) guidance Skills for Health Professionals. Nelson Thornes Cheltenham Collins. S, (2009) Good communication helps to build a therapeutic relationship http//www. nursingtimes. net (accessed 24 April 2012) Donnelly, E. Neville, L. (2008) Communication and Interpersonal Skills, 1st Ed. Reflect Press Ltd Devon. Egan, G. (1998). The skilled Helper. Wiley Chichester H amilton. S, J (2007) Clinical Development A framework for effective communication skills http//www. nursingtimes. et (accessed 24 April 2012) treat and Midwifery Council (2008) The code Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. NMCLondon Nursing and Midwifery Council (2010) Standards for Pre-registration Nursing Education Draft for Consultation. NMCLondon Stein-Parbury, J. (2009) forbearing and Person Interpersonal Skills in nursing, 4th Ed. Elsevier Australia Webb, L. (2011). Nursing Communication Skills in Practice. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Wright, B, (2007) Interpersonal Skills Skills for Caring. M&K Publishing Cumbria .Effective Communication SkillsEffective communication skills in nursing Within this assignment I will be looking at the importance of effective communication skills in the nursing profession. I will briefly explore the meaning of communication and then look at different styles of effective communication. I will include a wide range of references to support my findings and then offer a conclusion regarding the importance of communication with the patient and other agencies. There are a large number of communication models and meanings, which in itself indicates that communication is a huge subject and difficult to pin to a simple explanation (Webb 2011).Donnelly (2008) agrees with this by writing that a concise definition is difficult to achieve due to the term communication having a long list of meanings. Good communication between patients and nurses is at the core of good nursing care, which will ensure the development of a therapeutic relationship (Stein- Parbury 2009). Donnelly (2008) supports this by stating that at the very heart of effective nursing, communication is the key to delivering high-quality care. Donnelly (2008) states that effective communication is recognised as a core condition for all people who work in public service.Also read Communication Cycle ArgyleIn Health and Social care se rvices effective communication promotes the best possible nursing care (Donelly 2008). Donelly (2008) writes that the way we communicate with people who use nursing services or facilities has a direct impact on how care is perceived and experienced by the user. Collins (2009) agrees by stating that communication is therapeutic, that building relationships is the foundation of nursing work, and communication is a requirement to that process.If we can recognise how communication takes place and comprehend its process we can develop strategies to ensure that communication is effective and meets the needs of all patients. Within Nursing there are many ways of communicating with patients. The NMC standards for pre-registration nursing education (NMC, 2010) stipulate that Within the domain for communication and interpersonal skills, all nurses must do the following, communicate safely and effectively, using a range of communication skills and technologies (NMC 2010).Hamilton (2007) agrees with this by stating that nurses should try to relate with patients using the full range of communication skills at their disposal, to help patients understand that nurses are there to assist as much as they possibly can. These communication skills range from verbal, non-verbal, and written communication. Burnard (2005) explains that we communicate to some degree with words. But also we communicate to a large degree with our bodies. This can be classed as non-verbal. Some aspects of non-verbal communication we use would be eye contact, facial expressions and hand gestures.Burnard (2005) also writes about the importance of listening. Burnard states that the listening skill is an important form of non-verbal communication and being listened to is vital as everybody needs to be listened to. Stein-Parbury (2009) states that, listening encourages further interaction between patient and nurses it is a catalyst in promoting a trusting therapeutic relationship. Collin (2009) agrees with th is by writing when patients feel listened to it gives a sense of connection enabling the relationship to progress. Wright (2007) writes about another non-verbal behaviour which is described as body talk.This would include hand gestures. Some body talking can suggest a certain state of mind, for example a patient pacing, unable to sit for any time or wringing of the hands may suggest that this patient is in distress. Webb states that folding of the arms can display defensive non-verbal communication it can show that a patient is feeling anxious or threatened in some way. If this is displayed by the nurse it may suggest to the patient that the nurse is dis-interested which will form a barrier between the patient and nurse. To avoid such barriers Egan (1998) suggests that the use of the SOLER theory.The theorySolerwas created by Egan (1998) to help the communication between the nurse and the patient. His theory shows that basic non-verbal communication can help make a patient feel invo lved and cared for when working with the nurse. Soler stands for- S facing the client or familysquarely, both metaphorically and literally O adopt anOpen,non-defensive posture LLean forward toward the family to show interest E make goodEye Contact R stayRelaxed. But there are other forms of communication that need to be effective when delivering nursing care.The nurse needs to ensure that they are able to communicate well within the organisation and with others. Donnelly (2008) points out that when identifying the needs of those we care for we must also distinguish the role of others in providing for peoples needs. There is a risk within service provision to see only that which we can offer and ignore what others agencies and professionals can provide. Effective care depends on us being able to work in partnership, ensuring those we care for receive the best possible care. There are many others modes of communication the written word is required when working with people (Donelly 200 8).The NMC (2008) states that you must keep clear and accurate records of the discussions you have, the assessments you make, the treatment and medicines you give and how effective these have been. You must complete records as soon as possible after an event has occurred, the nurse must not tamper with original records in any way, the nurse must ensure any entries you make in someones paper records are clearly and legibly signed, dated and timed, the nurse must ensure any entries you make in someones electronic records are clearly attributable to you, and also ensure all records are kept securely (NMC 2008).Conclusion Whilst preparing for this essay, I did not fully understand the importance of communication and how we are understood by patients. After researching and evaluating, I now understand the importance of effective verbal communication with appropriate body language, also the importance of non-verbal communication using good eye contact and hand gestures. I have now learnt that to become a good nurse you need to be able to use a wide range of communication to be able to fully care for the patient. These skills are equally important when dealing with agencies.Burnard, P. (2005) Counselling Skills for Health Professionals. Nelson Thornes Cheltenham Collins. S, (2009) Good communication helps to build a therapeutic relationship http//www. nursingtimes. net (accessed 24 April 2012) Donnelly, E. Neville, L. (2008) Communication and Interpersonal Skills, 1st Ed. Reflect Press Ltd Devon. Egan, G. (1998). The Skilled Helper. Wiley Chichester Hamilton. S, J (2007) Clinical Development A framework for effective communication skills http//www. nursingtimes. et (accessed 24 April 2012) Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) The code Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. NMCLondon Nursing and Midwifery Council (2010) Standards for Pre-registration Nursing Education Draft for Consultation. NMCLondon Stein-Parbury, J. (2009) Patient an d Person Interpersonal Skills in nursing, 4th Ed. Elsevier Australia Webb, L. (2011). Nursing Communication Skills in Practice. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Wright, B, (2007) Interpersonal Skills Skills for Caring. M&K Publishing Cumbria .

House of Bernarda Alba- Elements of House

Bernardas stomach serves on a number of levels as the central learn in the play. How does Lorca use the house to convey his stems? In order to arrive at the central idea in Federico Garcias inhabit play, House of Bernarda Alba, the title is the first factor to be reflected on. Lorca has not presumably named the play Bernarda Alba, or Day of Bernarda Alba. He had named the play House of Bernarda Alba because it will allow the reader draw attention both to Bernardas house in the sense of Bernardas family and to the physical space of house itself, which functions as the central image of the play.The play employs number of themes which be supported by the central image of house. The state of house such as colour, size, temperature, condition and shore, which be nonverbal elements altogether link with the theme which Federico is trying to convey. These features will aid to provide the audience with information about the setting of the play and give insight to the underlying ide as such as dictatorship, purity, fate and choice, freedom, confinement, and sexual oppression.The play commences with the brief description of the house, which aid to communicate the central idea of purity, and fate and choice to the audience Very sportsmanlike inner room in Bernardas house. Thick walls. Arched doorways with jute curtains trimmed with black beads and ruffles. These descriptions are the important elements of the house. Readers are competent to obtain the associated idea from the play by having a general understanding of the setting. From the description, first, colour is the element to consider. The walls of the house are all painted white.Because the play is set in Spain, this is the singularity of homes in the country, since white reflects the sunlight and prevents house from heating. Though, the white colour in a deeper meaning, symbolises the purity and virginity. All the daughters in the house have not get hitched with yet, and after the funeral of the seco nd husband, they are not allowed to look at men. in that respectfore, white also represents the bulwark of freedom and choice, where the restriction of choice is derived from evidence that all the entourage are coloured white. The girls have no choice they cannot choose their destiny.Moreover, the family name Alba means white. This colour is seen as a contrary to the black dress of the women in the mourning as they enter the house. The colour black symbolises death and have an effect of foreshadowing the death of the character Adela, a victim of Bernardas tyranny. The decoration, props and set of the room also aids in obtaining the idea of dictatorship and confinement. The Thick walls indicates difficulty for the girls to escape the confinement of Bernardas control, again suggesting the idea of restriction of the girls freedom.From the description of the house,Arched doorways with jute curtains trimmed with black beads and ruffles. the jute curtains are described as being tied wi th black beads and ruffles. The jute is employ for making rope and rough fabric, which symbolises men as ropes are generally used for mens labour. Therefore it is symbolic for male presence in the home, likely from Bernards husband. Though, the black beads indicate the stage of mourning the house is in due to death of Bernardas husband.The decoration, Pictures of nymphs or legendary kings in improbable landscapes depicts imaginary places, but it is an alternate reality which girls wish to escape to. In the form of picture and being hung on the white wall underscore that the fantasy is in place where it is out of reach for the girls. The kings serve as an idea of dictatorship in the house, which in this play, Bernarda is the king, the ruler and the house is her castle. done the symbolism of heat we see that Lorca makes the reader realise the tension heightening within the characters, which conveys the idea of sexual oppression.At the beginning of the play, Bernarda locks her daugh ters into the house, away from the outside world. There are eighty years of mourning ahead of us. While it lasts not even the wind will get into this house. Since Bernardas husband died, she does not take her daughters to be open to the outside world. Bernarda, trying to be helpful, wants her daughters to be pure and safe. But since the house is locked, no wind will come in the house and therefore heat will build up in the house. If the wind is symbolised as the men, the daughters who are not exposed to the wind (men) builds up their sexual desire.Characters who are not victim of this heat are the male characters that are shown outside the house. They are cooler in the patio or in the fields, suggesting symbolically that they do not suffer from sexual frustration. Is the lemonade ready? Give some to the men. Theyre having some on the patio. The symbolism of what is inside the house and what is outside is also instance the idea of freedom and dictatorship. The doors and windows serve as a both barriers and bridges. To the daughters, the outside represents freedom, new life, and sexual fulfilment.Throughout the play, the daughters number of times runs to the window and look at the outside world the crowd leaving the funeral, men going to work in the fields, and arrival and departure of Pepe el Romano. Since hell be coming approximately the corner, you can see him better from the window in your room. The maiden over exits. Adela hesitates for a moment, then she, too, rushes off towards her room. Bernarda strikes Angustius for looking out through the cracks of the back door, maintaining the idea of no freedom and choice for the girls. To Bernarda, the outside of the house represents threat to the reputation of her family name.She does not want her privacy to be spread in public, from her urge to protect her daughters. Bernardas power in the house means that sexual activity takes place outside the house as the house is completely under her control. This is evident when the Maid says, Rot away, Antonio Maria Benavides, stiff in your woven sit and your high boots Rot away Never again will you lift up my skirts so-and-so the back corral The back corral is outside the house, which illustrates the lack of restrictions out of the house. Another example is when Pepe and Adela meet.They do not meet at the house, but at the corral. accentuate Lorca was successful in portraying the idea of the play through the central image of house, which included dictatorship, purity, fate and choice, freedom, confinement, and sexual oppression. Bernardas house thusly functions as a central image in Lorcas final play by the use of colour, symbolism and other element of scenic design. The readers are able to obtain the various ideas Lorca is trying to inform, and we also get an idea of how some households were like in Spain during the civil war time.Moreover, this play was written during the Francos regime of Spain, which there were fascism involved. Wome n were treated unfairly in the society, such as their pay. Women could not make choices of their own including marriage. This point reflects the idea of daughters not being able to marry due to commanding power by Bernarda. The fact that these nonverbal elements of the house contributing to the central idea of the play makes the reader think deeply, which let us gain true appreciation for a work Lorca has done for his final moments of life. Words 1257

Human aggression

benevolent pugnacity is innate others grade that it has biological root. Looking at the biological standpoint, similarities betwixt non-primate, animal invasion and merciful incursion calculate to present that valet pugnacity stemmed from animal infringement. Testosterone levels in animals, which be link to aggression, as well as wait to contri furthere in the assertive style of animals. This, however, is non the case. Considering another biological aspect, the neurology of benevolents, seems to play a crucial role in homosexual aggression.However, the arguments presented by the view that world aggression has biological grow argon not entirely without fault and repercussions. Biological grow of Human intrusion The meaning of tender-hearted aggression varies from person to person. Human aggression is the competitive form of social behavior among Homo sapiens (Go, 1983). It is too defined as the behavior wherein the underlying objective is to cause pain, harm, physical distr cloakion or injury (Net Industries, 2008 Baron & Richardson, 1994). exploitation the definition of aggression in which pain or harm is the motive to act violently or hurt others and the self, aggression whitethorn be classified in several ways. aggression may be classified as either passive or active. It may also be categorized as direct or indirect, physical or verbal or any combine of the three classifications (Net Industries, 2008). Some also classify aggressive behavior into three social aggression, predatory aggression and threatening aggression. Social aggression is considered as unprovoked aggression towards another for establishing power and dominance.Predatory aggression refers to cleanup and murder. Threatening aggression pertains to attacks delivered when an aggressor is present (Schaffhausen, 2008). In a way, the classifications narrow the definition of aggression. The subject of human race aggression has been the topic of debates, especially its ca use (Go, 1983). Some suggest that human aggression is innate and cannot be changed. They believe that aggression is within humans and that humans respond to it naturally and spontaneously by cathartic aggressive efficacy.If this energy is not released, humans explode into military group. This implies that releasing aggressive energy in a constant and healthy manner would make humans little aggressive since their aggressive energy is quick part by part. It also implies that aggression can be purged out of a human organisms system by continuously engaging in activities that vent out the aggressive energy such as sports (Kohn, 1988). However, the theory of aggression as innate is be critically questioned, especially by the Seville Statement.It states that it would be scientifically incorrect to adduce that human beings down inherited the aggression present in animals. It is also scientifically incorrect to state that aggression is embedded in the genetics of humans. There go been no scientific evidences showing that genes produce individuals that are predisposed to violence. It is also not correct to say that aggression is caused by instinct or just a single intent (Spanish National centering for UNESCO, 1986). To debunk the theory that aggression is innate, others say that it is due to about biological causes.To understand the roots of human aggression from a biological perspective, scientists study the behavior of the get-gos of the humans. This is because human aggression has a number of comforting features similar to animal aggression. Surviving in the wild has become a necessity for animals. Human aggression has stemmed from that also it became normal because of the need for survival and adaptation (Gordon & Smith, 2000). Also, similar to animal aggression, human aggression is present at all age levels and is displayed by both male and female.It is also not subordinate on seasonal changes and in fluctuating hormone levels or pragmatic events like sexual activity. These information documentation the inference that human aggression has its roots in the defensive aggression of non-primate animals (Alber, Jonik & Walsh, 1993). One of the early attempts to discover the biological roots of human aggression occurred in the 1960s. The researchers tried to link human aggression to genes by considering the extra Y chromosome in males. The researches thought that the extra Y chromosome gave males to a greater extent inclination towards violence and aggression.However, this was not the case and the studies shown that there was no significant difference between males with the extra Y chromosome (Schaffhausen, 2008). The origin of human aggression, from a biological view, was then inferred from studies of the testosterone levels of non-primate animals and its affect in the animals aggression. Testosterone is linked to social aggression in animals. Reducing testosterone in the male leader or a male of high position by castration el iminates the males dominant social status.But restoring testosterone by means of injection may exit him to regain his social status as the male leader. However, there prevail been studies that show that the correlation between the testosterone levels in animals has no bearing in humans. Testosterone levels between high-physical aggression and low-physical aggression do not have a significant difference. This is also supported by the fact that physical aggression does not increment during puberty wherein the testosterone levels of both males and females dramatically increase.Also, castration and anti-androgen administration, in which testosterone levels lessening, does not correspond to a significant decrease in aggression (Alber, Jonik & Walsh, 1993). The neurological roots are also necessary to understand the biological roots of human aggression. The humour activities of a group of adolescent kids, considered as reactively aggressive, were studied to determine the neurological processes related to aggressive behavior. At the require moment when the boys have reacted aggressively, the teenagers seem as if they cannot help but do so, at least for the moment.To monitor their brain activity at the precise moment of aggression, researchers used a functional magnetic brain imaging. They also deduced that similar to aggression, fear is considered as a trait, which appears to teenagers at an exact moment, and the teenagers cannot help but feel fear given certain stimuli. In the study, the stimuli used were images of threatening faces. Using the brain-imaging instrument, the amygdala, the part of the brain associated with fear, had a significantly greater activity and the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain winding in decision making and reasoning, had a relatively lower activity.This indicate that that affected teenagers feel fearful, as implied by the overactive amygdala, but have less capacity to control their reactions, due to a less than reactive pref rontal cortex (Singer, 2007). The study points to the prefrontal cortex as the part of the brain snarly in aggression and violence. However, other studies also support that the prefrontal cortex is related to aggression and violence. pneumoencephalogram and other instruments for monitoring brain functions have long suggested that violent criminals have impaired neurological processes (Singer, 2007).A study, employ positron emission tomography, monitoring brain activity of murderers and anti-social people, people considered as having relatively aggressive traits, as subject showed that the subjects prefrontal cortices were significantly smaller and there was also heightened activity in the sub-cortical regions such as the thalamus. A meta-analysis also showed the like results. It also showed that people with a history of violent behavior have functional and structural impairments in the prefrontal cortex, which impairs the decision-making and increases impulsive behavior (Raine, B uchsbaum, & LaCasse, 1997).Other neurological studies show that serotonin may play a key role in aggressive and violent behavior. Serotonin is the neurotransmitter in the brain that plays a key role in processing emotions and sleep. It transmits nerve signals between the nerve ends and acts as a chemical messenger as well (Schaffhausen, 2008 Mann, 1999). Experiments show that enhancing the level of serotonin leads to a reduction in aggressive behavior. It also shows that knockouts of certain serotonin receptors cause an increase in aggressive behavior of mice. decrease levels of serotonin also shows an increase in aggression of vervet monkeys.Because of the similarities of aggression between animals and humans, the connection between serotonin and aggressive behavior in humans was studied. The studies regarding humans showed that serotonin is related to human aggression. muckle with history of violent and aggressive behavior such as violent criminals show low levels of serotonin in their cerebral spinal fluid. The studies also show that serotonin related inductions in aggressive psychiatric patients led to reduction in violent outbursts and hostile sentiments. Neurosis is also linked to the cause of human aggression, based from the biological outlook.Neurosis consists of acts that cause significant harm to other people as well as the self. Neurosis, however, is brought about by the frustration due to obtaining the basic human needs (Wollstein, n. d. ). However, the claims that human aggression is caused by biological causes are not without faults and repercussions. Human aggression, although it has similarities with animal aggression, is not necessarily the same. For one, drawing conclusions from the aggressive behavior of animals to state arguments about human aggression is not correct.The force of culture and society and the human beings capability to think and reason out sets a big difference between human aggression and animal aggression. In addition, ani mal aggression may not be in the same context as human aggression. Aggression that is carefully planned rarely occurs in animals as compared to humans, turf out when it comes to killing for food (Go, 1983). In addition, extremes were present in some of the studies done to show that the amygdala and some other parts of the brain are related to aggression.Using murderers and psychiatric patients represent the extreme end of human aggression. Aggression may also be done in means less violent such as punching a person or beating up a person. There are also plenty of people who may have brains with damaged prefrontal cortex but do not inevitably show aggressive behavior or commit violent, or possibly, hideous acts. Using instruments for kind activity and brain imaging such as the PET scans cannot be automatically used to support the claim that the prefrontal cortex is associated with human aggression (Singer, 2007).Moreover, as interesting as the findings regarding the neurotransmitter serotonin may appear to be, the direction of the effect is not clear. Aggressive behavior could possibly be the effect of a decrease in the serotonin levels or vice versa, the serotonin levels decrease because of the aggressive behavior. Testosterones are also not very good indicators of aggression. Some evidence is present that males with high testosterone levels are more potential to be socially aggressive compared to ones with lower levels of testosterone but there is no proof that these men are necessarily more violent.These men are usually in the top of the corporate ladder are competitive ones. Women, who are typically associated with having low-levels of testosterone, might not necessarily be less aggressive than men. Women train more in non-physical aggression. Thus, the testosterone levels may indicate that it has no connection between physical aggression but the other forms of aggression cannot be clearly deduced from the testosterone levels present in a humans dust (Sc haffhausen, 2008).However, even though researchers have successfully linked some of the biological factors such as serotonin, etc with human aggression, they have yet to figure out if these are the concrete biological roots that cause aggressive behavior in humans. There are no neurological markers that might determine which people has more aggressive tendencies or when an aggressive behavior is determined by the mind. The brain has yet to be wholly figured out and definitive tests have yet to be managed and done.Also, different forms of aggression, other than physical aggression, are yet to be linked to some of the biological links being studied by researchers (Schaffhausen, 2008) The scientific agreement regarding aggression is that it is a combination of many different factors. The biology part related to aggression the amygdala, the limbic system, the hypothalamus, etc. only plays a small role in aggressive behavior (Marsh, 1984). References Alber, D. J. , Jonik, R. H. , & Wal sh, M. L. (1993) Aggression in humans what is its biological foundation? Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews.17(4)405-25. Vancouver. Baron, R. A & Richardson, D. R. (1994) Human Aggression. (2nd Ed. ) impertinent York Plenum. Go, J. L. (1983). Aggression. In Funk & Wagnalls New Encyclopedia. (Vol. 1, pp. 236-237). Rand McNally & Company. Marsh, F. (1984)Biology, Crime and Ethics A Study of Biological Explanations for Criminal Behavior. Anderson Pub Co Gordon, L. & Smith, D. (2000). The Nature of Human Aggression. Retrieved April 6, 2008, from http//jrscience. wcp. muohio. edu/reflections/FinalArticles/TheNatureOfHumanAggressio. html Kohn, A. (1988). Are Human Innately Aggressive?Retrieved April 6, 2008, from http//www. alfiekohn. org/miscellaneous/aggression. htm Mann, JJ. (1999) Role of the serotonergic system in the pathogenesis of major depression and suicidal behaviour. Neuropsychopharmacology, 21 (2) 99S-105S. Net Industries. (2008). Aggression definition. Retrieved April 7, 2008 from http//social. jrank. org/pages/25/Aggression-Definition. html Raine, A. , Buchsbaum, M. , LaCasse, L. (1997). Brain abnormalities in murders indicated by positron emission tomography, Biological Psychiatry, 42 495-508. Schaffhausen, J. (2008).The Biological Basis of Aggresssion. Retrieved April 6, 2008, from http//www. brainconnection. com/topics/printindex. php3? main=fa/aggression Singer, E. (2007). The Neurological Roots of Aggression Recent findings shed light on the brain deficits that underlie aggression and could aid in the development of preventative treatments. Retrieved April 6, 2008, from http//www. technologyreview. com/Biotech/19679/ Spanish National Commission for UNESCO. (1986). The Seville Statement on Violence. Retrieved April 8, 2008, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Seville_Statement_on_Violence.